Tropical Sun White Hominy Corn 500g

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According to a genetic study by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), corn cultivation was introduced in South America from Mexico, in two great waves: the first, more than 6000 years ago, spread through the Andes. Evidence of cultivation in Peru has been found dating to about 6700 years ago. [18] The second wave, about 2000 years ago, through the lowlands of South America. [19] Erin W. Hodgson, Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory. Western corn rootworm Planting density affects multiple aspects of maize. Modern farming techniques in developed countries usually rely on dense planting, which produces one ear per stalk. [61] Stands of silage maize are yet denser, [ citation needed] and achieve a lower percentage of ears and more plant matter. [ citation needed]

Ears develop above a few of the leaves in the midsection of the plant, between the stem and leaf sheath, elongating by around 1⁄ 8in) per day, to a length of 18cm (7in) [51] with 60cm (24in) being the maximum alleged in the subspecies. [58] They are female inflorescences, tightly enveloped by several layers of ear leaves commonly called husks. In 2016, maize production was forecast to be over 380 million metric tons (15 billion bushels), an increase of 11% over 2014 American production. [132] Based on conditions as of August 2016, the expected yield would be the highest ever for the United States. [132] The area of harvested maize was forecast to be 35million hectares (87million acres), an increase of 7% over 2015. [132] Maize is especially popular in Midwestern states such as Indiana, Iowa, and Illinois; in the latter, it was named the state's official grain in 2017. [133] Doebley, John F. (2004). "The genetics of maize evolution" (PDF). Annual Review of Genetics. 38: 37–59. doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.38.072902.092425. PMID 15568971. Blake, Michael (August 28, 2015). Maize for the Gods: Unearthing the 9,000-Year History of Corn. Univ of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-27687-1.

White Corn Nutrition

Grain". education.nationalgeographic.org. National Geographic . Retrieved February 27, 2023. In most countries, the grain of the Zea mays plant is called maize. In the United States, it's called corn. Maize ( / m eɪ z/ MAYZ; Zea mays subsp. mays, from Spanish: maíz after Taino: mahis [2]), also known as corn in North American and Australian English, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. [3] [4] The leafy stalk of the plant gives rise to inflorescences (or "tassels") which produce pollen and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that when fertilized yield kernels or seeds, which are botanical fruits. [5] [6] The term maize is preferred in formal, scientific, and international usage as the common name because it refers specifically to this one grain whereas corn refers to any principal cereal crop cultivated in a country. For example, in North America and Australia corn is often used for maize, but in England and Wales it can refer to wheat or barley, and in Scotland and Ireland to oats. Genetic studies, published in 2004 by John Doebley, identified Zea mays ssp. parviglumis, native to the Balsas River valley in Mexico's southwestern highlands, and also known as Balsas teosinte, as being the crop wild relative that is genetically most similar to modern maize. [112] [111] This was confirmed by further studies, which refined this hypothesis somewhat. Archaeobotanical studies, published in 2009, point to the middle part of the Balsas River valley as the likely location of early domestication; this river is not very long, so these locations are not very distant. Stone milling tools with maize residue have been found in an 8,700 year old layer of deposits in a cave not far from Iguala, Guerrero. [113] [114] [115] Stucco head of the Maya Maize God, 550–850 AD

a b c Benz, B. F. (2001). "Archaeological evidence of teosinte domestication from Guilá Naquitz, Oaxaca". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (4): 2104–2106. Bibcode: 2001PNAS...98.2104B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.2104. PMC 29389. PMID 11172083. Grotewold, Erich; Drummond, Bruce J.; Bowen, Ben; Peterson, Thomas (1994). "The myb-homologous P gene controls phlobaphene pigmentation in maize floral organs by directly activating a flavonoid biosynthetic gene subset". Cell. 76 (3): 543–53. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90117-1. PMID 8313474. S2CID 42197232. In most regions today, maize grown in residential gardens is still often planted manually with a hoe, whereas maize grown commercially is no longer planted manually but rather is planted with a planter. In North America, fields are often planted in a two- crop rotation with a nitrogen-fixing crop, often alfalfa in cooler climates and soybeans in regions with longer summers. Sometimes a third crop, winter wheat, is added to the rotation. [ citation needed] Friedman, William E.; Moore, Richard C.; Purugganan, Michael D. (October 2004). "The evolution of plant development". American Journal of Botany. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 91 (10): 1726–1741. doi: 10.3732/ajb.91.10.1726. PMID 21652320. Botanical Society of America. Lee, E.A.; Harper, V (2002). "Suppressor of Pericarp Pigmentation 1 (SPP1), a novel gene involved in phlobaphene accumulation in maize ( Zea mays L.) pericarps". Maydica. 47 (1): 51–58. INIST 13772300.Primary sequencing of the maize genome was completed in 2008. [86] In 2009, the consortium published results of its sequencing effort. [87] The genome, 85% of which is composed of transposons, was found to contain 32,540 genes (By comparison, the human genome contains about 2.9 billion bases and 26,000 genes). Much of the maize genome has been duplicated and reshuffled by helitrons—group of rolling circle transposons. [88] how the tiny archaeological specimens of 3500–2700 BC could have been selected from a teosinte, and Starch from maize can also be made into plastics, fabrics, adhesives, and many other chemical products. [ citation needed]

Most historians believe maize was domesticated in the Tehuacán Valley of Mexico. [13] Recent research in the early 21st century has modified this view somewhat; scholars now indicate the adjacent Balsas River Valley of south-central Mexico as the center of domestication. [14] Because it is cold-intolerant, in the temperate zones maize must be planted in the spring. Its root system is generally shallow, so the plant is dependent on soil moisture. As a plant that uses C4 carbon fixation, maize is a considerably more water-efficient crop than plants that use C3 carbon fixation such as alfalfa and soybeans. Maize is most sensitive to drought at the time of silk emergence, when the flowers are ready for pollination. In the United States, a good harvest was traditionally predicted if the maize was "knee-high by the Fourth of July", although modern hybrids generally exceed this growth rate. Maize used for silage is harvested while the plant is green and the fruit immature. Sweet corn is harvested in the "milk stage", after pollination but before starch has formed, between late summer and early to mid-autumn. Field maize is left in the field until very late in the autumn to thoroughly dry the grain, and may, in fact, sometimes not be harvested until winter or even early spring. The importance of sufficient soil moisture is shown in many parts of Africa, where periodic drought regularly causes maize crop failure and consequent famine. Although it is grown mainly in wet, hot climates, it has been said to thrive in cold, hot, dry or wet conditions, meaning that it is an extremely versatile crop. [121] Mature plants showing earsMaize flowers may sometimes exhibit mutations that lead to the formation of female flowers in the tassel. These mutations, ts4 and Ts6, prohibit the development of the stamen while simultaneously promoting pistil development. [78] This may cause inflorescences containing both male and female flowers, or hermaphrodite flowers. [79]